The ADM tells you what to do in each phase; the Techniques are the reusable methods you apply across phases — principles, stakeholder management, gap analysis, risk, readiness. Foundation questions frequently ask 'which technique does X'.

Architecture Principles are enduring statements that guide decisions. A well-formed principle has four parts: Name, Statement, Rationale, Implications. Good principles are robust, complete, consistent and stable. They're defined in Preliminary and applied throughout.

Stakeholder Management identifies stakeholders, analyses their power/interest, and maps their concerns to viewpoints. A view is what a stakeholder sees; a viewpoint is the specification/template for constructing a view (per ISO 42010). Get these the right way round.

Gap Analysis — Baseline vs Target, to find what's missing/eliminated. Business Transformation Readiness Assessment (BTRA) — evaluates the organisation's readiness to change (used in A and E). Risk Management — classify by frequency × impact, track initial vs residual risk, mitigate. Capability-Based Planning — plan around business capabilities. Interoperability and Migration Planning techniques round out the set.